时效对快速凝固铝锂合金组织和性能的影响

研究了时效对快速凝固Ａｌ—３．２Ｌｉ—１．２Ｍｇ—０．３Ｃｕ—０．２Ｚｒ合金拉伸性能和微观组织的影响。结果表明,低温长时间时效达到接近峰值状态,合金的综合性能优于高温短时间时效达到峰值状态的综合性能。合金中主要强化相为δ＇（Ａｌ３Ｌｉ）相,Ｃｕ、Ｍｇ起固溶强化。合金中Ｚｒ主要以亚稳态的Ａｌ３Ｚｒ存在,并同时与δ＇相形成（δ＇／Ａｌ３Ｚｒ）相。文中讨论了影响合金塑性的因素,指出界面析出相是快速凝固Ａｌ—Ｌｉ合金中值得重视的问题。     

超声高温熔体处理对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金晶粒及力学性能的影响

探究超声处理温度、超声处理时间及超声功率密度对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金晶粒和力学性能的影响。结果表明:超声高温熔体处理可有效细化Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金晶粒,提高其力学性能;在660~750 ℃范围内,随着处理温度的升高,合金晶粒尺寸逐渐增大;相较于未处理合金,处理温度在750 ℃时,合金晶粒的细化效果更为显著。当超声功率密度为0~2.31 W/cm³或处理时间为0~90 s时,随着超声功率密度的提高或处理时间的增加,合金晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,转折点分别为1.29 W/cm³和60 s。合金的力学性能与其晶粒尺寸基本对应,合金的晶粒尺寸越小,其抗拉强度和伸长率越高。当处理温度为750 ℃、超声功率密度为1.29 W/cm³、处理时间为60 s时,与未处理的合金相比,合金晶粒尺寸减小53%,其抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了31%和79%。     

铸造TiAl合金疲劳寿命统计分布

对铸造Ti-47.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr-0.2Zr(原子分数/％)合金层片组织进行了疲劳测试,获得了单一应力下的疲劳寿命数据,通过断口观察和数据统计处理,分析了疲劳寿命的分布特点及其控制因素.结果表明:实验合金的疲劳寿命具有显著波动,波动范围为103～ 106周;并集中分布在长、短两个寿命区间内.这一现象和导致疲劳试样失效的疲劳裂纹源的类型有关;其中,短寿命试样的疲劳裂纹起源于疏松孔洞,长寿命试样的疲劳裂纹源为弥合界面和软取向层片界面.建立了三种裂纹源对疲劳寿命的影响的两参数威布尔分布模型,可进行对应于某一失效概率的疲劳寿命预测.三种疲劳裂纹源中,疏松孔洞对疲劳寿命不利影响的程度最为严重.     

Hot-cracking susceptibility and shear fracture behavior of dissimilar Ti6Al4V/AA6060 alloys in pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding

Laser welding of dissimilar titanium/aluminum alloys has been employed at an increasing rate, particularly in the aerospace industry, owing to its advantages in terms of current design flexibility and fuel/cost savings. The major problem with dissimilar Ti/Al welds arises from the difference in the thermal expansion and contraction of the two metals, which leads to hot-cracking susceptibility and the mitigation of the mechanical property after welding. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of Ti6Al4V and AA6060 has been addressed. Hot-cracking susceptibility in the heat affected zone and the shear fracture behavior of the lap joints were investigated through microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. The results indicate that the hot cracking tendency can be reduced by increasing the pulse peak power (7.5–8.5 kW) and the laser point diameter (0.8–1.0 mm) with specific pulse duration and overlap. An alternative control strategy for less hot cracks in the Ti/Al lap joint can be to increase the weld width and decrease the cooling rate during solidification. The shear fracture of the Ti/Al lap joint is likely to occur along the lower side path of the weld interface with decreasing weld surface collapsed amount and increasing aluminum base metal melt depth.     

Testing and evaluation for fatigue crack propagation of Ti-6Al-4V/ELI and 7050-T7452 alloys at high temperatures

This paper seeks to evaluate crack propagation properties and residual lives of metallic alloys subjected to fatigue loading at room and high temperatures. Fatigue crack growth tests were performed on Ti-6Al-4V/ELI and 7050-T7452 subjected to constant-amplitude and actual randomspectra loading at room temperature of about 25 ℃ and at high temperatures of 250 ℃ and 150 ℃ to determine their crack growth properties and residual lives. The damage mode and mechanisms at high temperature were compared with those at room temperature on the basis of the results of fractographic analysis. Temperature-dependent residual lives under actual random-spectra load history were evaluated based on a modified accumulation damage rule accounting for the load interaction.Good correlation was achieved between the predictions and actual experiments, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed method.     

Effects of dry/wet ratio and pre-immersion on stress corrosion cracking of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy under wet-dry cyclic conditions

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior and mechanism of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy under wet-dry cyclic conditions were investigated. Slow strain rate tests (SSRTs) and electrochemical tests were used to study the effects of dry/wet ratio (DWR) and pre-immersion on SCC. Fracture and side surface characterizations were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that SCC susceptibility decreases with an increase of the DWR. With an increase of the pre-immersion time, both continuous pre-immersion (CP) and wet-dry cyclic pre-immersion (WDP) samples are more sensitive to SCC, and the cracking mode in the SCC fracture region is intergranular. Furthermore, the effect of WDP on SCC is greater than that of CP when the total time immersed in solution before an SSRT is the same with each other. In fact, each single wet-dry cycle can be divided into three processes with respect to the change of solution on samples’ surface. Volatilization of water on the surface results in an increase in solute concentration, thus accelerating corrosion.     

7075铝合金二维超声挤压加工的灰色关联分析

采用正交试验法对7075-T651铝合金进行二维超声挤压加工试验,运用灰色关联分析法研究工艺参数对表面粗糙度和显微硬度的综合影响,采用多元线性回归方法构建灰色关联度预测模型,并基于预测模型通过规划求解确定最优工艺参数。结果表明:各工艺参数对表面粗糙度、显微硬度和灰色关联度的影响规律不同,基于灰色关联度排序获得的工艺参数值也并非最优值;建立的灰色关联度模型可对试验进行准确预测,基于该模型进行非线性规划求解获得的最优工艺参数为静压力220 N,挤压速度30 m/min,进给量0.14 mm/r,此时表面粗糙度Ra值约为0.44μm,显微硬度约为637 HL。     

预腐蚀和交替腐蚀作用下航空铝合金多轴疲劳行为及寿命预测

飞机在腐蚀环境下服役时，损伤形式为地面腐蚀与空中疲劳交替过程。依据该工况特点，研究了预腐蚀和交替腐蚀作用对2024-T4和7075-T651两种航空铝合金多轴疲劳行为的影响规律。结果表明：等效应力恒定时，随着预腐蚀时间增加，试样表面蚀坑数量和密度增加，腐蚀影响权重增大，2种铝合金多轴疲劳寿命均降低；交替腐蚀-多轴疲劳试验中，单位加载周次恒定时，单位腐蚀时间增加导致多轴疲劳寿命下降，试验过程中随着交替级数的增加，试样表面腐蚀程度加剧；基于Miner模型和预腐蚀疲劳寿命数据，提出修正的损伤累积模型，进行交替腐蚀-多轴疲劳寿命预测，寿命预测值基本位于2倍分散带内。     

渗氮处理对TC4钛合金性能的影响

为了在钛合金螺纹表面形成完整的膜层，提高材料耐磨性能，采用金相形貌分析、硬度和强度分析等手段研究了TC4钛合金渗氮过程参数对微观结构及性能的影响。试验结果表明，随着渗氮温度从700℃升至850℃，材料抗拉强度从1 026 MPa降低至930 MPa；延伸率随着温度升高而逐渐增高；表面硬度从529 HV上升至826 HV，相比于渗氮前280 HV，硬度有大幅度的提高；而保温时间从8 h增加至20 h，对材料的硬度和形貌影响较小，按照此工艺可以在钛合金零件表面形成完整的膜层；钛合金硬度的提高主要是因为表面形成了由Ti₂N和α-Ti组成的渗氮改性层表面。     

Investigation on surface integrity of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4 V by precision grinding and electropolishing

Electron beam melting (EBM), as an excellent Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, enables the printing of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy for a wide range of applications such as aerospace and biomechanical industries. It improves functionality and integrity of components and negates complexities in assembly processes. However, due to the poor surface and sub-surface integrity represented by the rough surface finish and low dimensional accuracy, achieving a favorable surface condition is quite challenging. Therefore, post processing becomes essential for these electron beam melted (EBM-ed) Ti-6Al-4 V alloys. Being the most common technique to improve such parts, milling of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy is very challenging and resulting tool wear issues, due to its unique material properties. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive study on the surface integrity of EBM-ed Ti-6Al-4 V parts processed by precision grinding and electropolishing, aiming to qualitatively and quantitatively clarify the interrelation between process parameters and processed surface quality. The surface and subsurface characteristics such as profile accuracy, surface roughness, microstructure, defective layer and residual stress before and after post processing were compared and evaluated. The results show that by precision grinding, the profile accuracy was improved from over 300 µm PV to 7 µm PV, while surface roughness (R_a) was reduced from 30 µm to about 2 µm. The layer with partially melt particles was removed, but introduced a deformed subsurface layer with more residual stress. Then by applying electropolishing, the residual stress was released and the deformed layer was removed. In addition, R_a was further reduced to 0.65 µm. The research can serve as a reference for the integration of post machining processes with AM.